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Basil Kalika
Vasilii Kalika ((ロシア語:Василий Калика)) was Archbishop of Novgorod the Great and Pskov from 1330 to 1352. He is in large part responsible for reinvigorating the office after it had fallen into decline to some extent following the Mongol Invasion.
==Background==
His baptismal name was originally Grigorii and he had been a priest of the Church of Cosmas and Damian on Slave Street north of the Detinets in Novgorod before his archiepiscopate.〔Michael C. Paul, "Episcopal Election in Novgorod Russia 1156-1478", ''Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture'' 72, No. 2(June, 2003), 265.〕 The name Kalika means "pilgrim" in Russian (there is another word, Palomnik) and indicates that he made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land sometime prior to his archiepiscopate. He, in fact, mentions this in a famous letter he wrote to Bishop Fedor of Tver' in 1347 which has been inserted into two Russian chronicles, the ''Sofia First Chronicle'' and the ''Novgorod Second Chronicle''.〔The letter is available online at http://lib.pushkinskijdom.ru/Default.aspx?tabid=4972. See also, Michael C. Paul, "Secular Power and the Archbishops of Novgorod Before the Muscovite Conquest" ''Kritika: Explorations in Russia and Eurasian History'' 8, No. 2 (Spring 2007), 251.〕 In one redaction of the ''Novgorodian First Chronicle'', he is referred to as Kaleka (rather than Kalika), a word meaning "lame" or "cripple." Thus, he is sometimes referred to as "Vasilii the Lame" in some hagiographic literature,〔See for example, the list of Novgorodian saints online at http://www.orthodox.cn/divenbog/FEB/10-FEB.DOC〕 although the vast majority of scholars consider his surname to be Kalika; if he was lame, there is no other indication of it in the sources.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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